Lemma 2.9 for an arbitrary finite-dimensional algebra #
lem:projective-evaluation-criterion (graded-category.tex): "Let Λ be a
finite-dimensional algebra over any field, let e be an idempotent, and put Λ_e = eΛe. Assume
Hom_Λ(T, Λ) = Ext¹_Λ(T, Λ) = 0 whenever Te = 0. Then P ↦ Pe is fully faithful on proj Λ.
If gl.dim Λ ≤ 2 and every finite-dimensional injective Λ_e-module is Qe for some projective
Λ-module Q, this functor is an equivalence proj Λ ≃ mod Λ_e. In particular, Λ_e is
representation-finite. It suffices to check the two vanishings on the simple Λ-modules killed
by e."
Conventions. The manuscript's right Λ-modules are the left modules over R = Λᵐᵒᵖ, and Me is
ε M for ε = op e; so we work with left modules over an arbitrary finite-dimensional algebra
R and an idempotent ε. Λ_e is Mathlib's corner ring hε.Corner (ε R ε, with unit ε),
and ε M is a Λ_e-module (EP); evaluation is EPmap. Ext¹_R(T, Q) = 0 is taken in Yoneda
form: every extension 0 → Q → E → T → 0 splits (ExtVan). gl.dim R ≤ 2 is used, as in the
proof, through "a second syzygy is projective": the kernel of a map between finitely generated
projectives is projective.
The proof is the source's, without tensor products (as in ProjectiveEvaluation.lean): a map
g : εM → εQ is defined on the submodule generated by εM by ∑ λ_i m_i ↦ ∑ λ_i g(m_i), well
defined because the discrepancy is a submodule of Q killed by ε; it extends to M because
M / R εM is killed by ε (Ext¹); injectivity is the Hom-vanishing for M / R εM.
A module killed by ε.
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Ext¹_R(T, Q) = 0 in Yoneda form: every extension 0 → Q → E → T → 0 of
finite-dimensional modules splits.
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Yoneda splitting gives the extension form (pushout) #
The pushout relations (g n, -n).
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Splitting of the pushout extends maps.
Transfer to finitely generated projectives #
A finitely generated projective module is a retract of some R^n.
The vanishings transfer from R to every finitely generated projective.
The corner Λ_e and the evaluation M ↦ εM #
The corner element ε r ε.
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εM as an additive group.
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εM as a Λ_e-module: the evaluation of M.
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The element ε m of εM.
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Evaluation of a map: restriction to εM.
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Full faithfulness on projectives #
A submodule containing εM has quotient killed by ε.
The submodule generated by εM.
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Evaluation is faithful when Hom_R(T, Q) = 0 for T killed by ε.
Evaluation is full when moreover Ext¹_R(T, Q) = 0 for T killed by ε
(graded-category.tex, without the tensor product).
It suffices to check the simples #
The two vanishings on the simple modules killed by ε.
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Extension from submodules with quotient killed by ε, by induction on the codimension:
extend to a maximal submodule (induction), then across the simple quotient.
The corner over k and the injective module D(Λ_e) #
The inclusion Λ_e → R over k.
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Right multiplication on Λ_e, over k.
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D(Λ_e) = Hom_k(Λ_e, k).
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D(Λ_e) as a left Λ_e-module: (a φ)(s) = φ(s a).
Evaluation at 1.
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D(Λ_e) is injective (Baer's criterion: extend x ↦ g(x)(1) over k).
Essential surjectivity #
s ↦ s x, over k.
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Every finite-dimensional Λ_e-module embeds in some D(Λ_e)ⁿ.
Essential surjectivity (graded-category.tex): under the vanishings, if
gl.dim R ≤ 2 (kernels of maps between finitely generated projectives are projective) and every
finite-dimensional injective Λ_e-module is εQ for a projective Q, every
finite-dimensional Λ_e-module is εP for a finite-dimensional projective P.
Primitive decomposition of the unit #
The left ideal R f.
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Every idempotent is a finite orthogonal sum of idempotents g with R g
indecomposable, by induction on the dimension of R f.
Λ_e is representation-finite #
Exchange: an indecomposable finite-dimensional projective module is isomorphic to one of
the indecomposable summands R g_i of a decomposition of 1.
A projective whose evaluation is indecomposable is indecomposable: a summand with zero
evaluation is projective and killed by ε, hence zero by the Hom-vanishing.
Lemma 2.9 #
gl.dim R ≤ 2, in the form used: kernels of maps between finite-dimensional projectives
(second syzygies) are projective.
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Every finite-dimensional injective Λ_e-module is εQ for a projective Q.
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Λ_e is representation-finite: finitely many left ideals R g_i whose evaluations
represent every finite-dimensional indecomposable Λ_e-module.
Lemma 2.9 (lem:projective-evaluation-criterion), for any finite-dimensional algebra
R over any field and any idempotent ε (right Λ-modules: R = Λᵐᵒᵖ, ε = op e). Assume
Hom_R(T, R) = Ext¹_R(T, R) = 0 for all finite-dimensional T with εT = 0. Then
(1) P ↦ εP is fully faithful on finite-dimensional projectives (even from any M);
(2) if gl.dim R ≤ 2 and every finite-dimensional injective Λ_e-module is εQ for a
projective Q, it is essentially surjective onto finite-dimensional Λ_e-modules, and
Λ_e = εRε is representation-finite.
It suffices to check the two vanishings on the simple modules killed by ε.